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Y mae Pentref Tudweiliog yn sefyll a'r fryn bach, sydd wedi ei amgylgylchynu a thir porri isel, ar arfordir Gogleddol Llŷn. Mae wedi ei leoli ar y B4417 rhwng Edern a Llangwnadl, wrth ochr afon Amlwch, a tua 1km oddi wrth yr arfordir a thraeth Porth Tywyn.

Mae’n rhaid bod eglwys Cwyfan Sant wedi bod yn ganolbwynt i’r gymuned hon erioed. Ym 1564 rhoddwyd tir yn Nhudweiliog i John ap Gruffydd ap David ap Madog o Fadryn - tir a oedd yn arfer bod yn rhan o ddaliadau Enlli - i’w ddal mewn ffi fferm gan John Wyn ap Hugh o Fodfel. Mae enwau’r cydrannau’n ddiddorol: tenement o’r enw Hengwrt neu, yn lle hynny, y Cae Mawr, a oedd yn cynnwys Dryll Cerrig Llwydion; yr Hirdir Mawr; Erw’r Eglwys; Llain yr Abad; y Talarau Hiron a Llain dan y cae mawr. Mae’r caeau’n cyfeirio at diroedd âr meysydd agored; at yr eglwys; at abad, a allai fod yn gyfeiriad at gymuned glas flaenorol a ‘Hengwrt’ anhysbys. Ailadeiladwyd eglwys Cwyfan Sant, Tudweiliog, yn gyfan gwbl ym 1849 gan y pensaer George Gilbert Scott.

Roedd trefgordd ganoloesol Hirdref wedi ei lleoli yn y dirwedd i’r gogledd-orllewin o Dudweiliog ac mae’n cael ei dynodi heddiw gan bedair fferm ag enwau perthynol, bob ochr i ffordd Aberdaron. Y ffermydd yw Hirdre Fawr, Hirdre Ganol, Hirdre Uchaf a Hirdre Isaf. Mae ffermydd gwasgaredig ag enwau tebyg neu gysylltiedig yn un o nodweddion tirwedd y cyfnod ôl-ganoloesol ac yn dangos sut y cyfunwyd daliadau tenantiaid unigol blaenorol yn ddiweddarach mewn trefgorddau neu bentrefannau. Roedd Hirdref yn drefgordd yn y Canol Oesoedd. Roedd ei thenantiaid, dan ddaliadaeth tir cyfrif, yn dal demên neu ddaliadaeth ystâd â’r swyddogaeth benodol o amaethu tir yr arglwydd yn y drefgordd honno neu ddarparu rhyw wasanaeth arbennig yng nghyswllt gweithrediad y faerdref frenhinol, sef maerdref Nefyn yn yr achos hwn. Ym 1352 roedd Hirdref wedi rhoi’r gorau i dalu ei thollau ac roedd ei melin yn dadfeilio. Mae’n debyg mai diboblogi yn ystod y Pla Du oedd yn gyfrifol am hyn. Yn dilyn hynny gosodwyd y drefgordd ar drefniant ffi fferm. Ym 1350, ychydig cyn i asesiad treth newydd gael ei wneud, cymerodd Goronwy ap Llywelyn Du y brydles, am £4.

Roedd dwy drefgordd ganoloesol Nyffryn a Cherrig Cefni yn cael eu hystyried gyda’i gilydd ac maent wedi eu lleoli i’r de-ddwyrain o Hirdref ac i’r gogledd-ddwyrain o Frynodol. Roedd gan y ddwy drefgordd hyn bedair rhan. Mae dau wely, sef gwely Rhingylledd a gwely Mab Riodle, yn Nyffryn. Roedd y ddau dan ddaliadaeth gaeth tir gwelyog er y byddai’r dynodiad Rhingylledd fel arfer yn awgrymu bod gan un o’r prif swyddogion cymydol, sef y Rhingyll, ddaliadaeth yno. Roedd prydles ffi fferm ar yr ail wely ac roedd yn nwylo Syr Thomas Brereley yn y 1350au. Roedd y drydedd ran o Nyffryn yn cynnwys tua 30 acer o dir a oedd wedi ei roi, yn eithriadol o rydd, gan Lywelyn ap Gruffydd, cyn y goncwest, a’r unig rwymedigaeth a oedd ynghlwm wrth y tir hwnnw oedd y dylai’r tenantiaid fynd i ryfel y Tywysog ar gost y Tywysog ei hun. Mae pedwaredd ran y ddwy drefgordd hyn yng Ngherrig Cefni, ac mae’n cynnwys un gwely o dir caeth o’r enw gwely Ieuan ap Philip Foel. Unwaith eto, roedd y rhan hon yn nwylo Syr Thomas Brereley ym 1352.

Ym 1538 roedd Robert ap Gruffydd yn dal Nyffryn a Cherrig Cefni. Yn y flwyddyn honno hefyd trosglwyddodd Cefn Leisiog, parsel yn y ddwy drefgordd hynny, i John ap Gruffydd David. Ym 1571 rhoddodd Thomas Madryn o Fadryn, a oedd yn dal yr eiddo, Nyffryn ar brydles i Feredudd ap Thomas ap Robert. Ym 1576 prydleswyd tenementau yng Ngherrig Cefni gan Hugh ap Gruffydd ap John o Frynodol. Ac felly y cafodd Nyffryn a Cherrig Cefni, cyn drefgorddau caeth Tywysog Cymru a Choron Lloegr eu rhoi, eu prydlesu a’u rhyddhau yn y broses o grynhoi ystadau helaeth.

Mae Trellech ac Edern yn drefgorddau eglwysig gwahanol iawn o ran natur a chymeriad. Dywedir bod Trellech ‘yn naliadaeth Beuno Sant’. Hynny yw, roedd yn gymuned glas ar un adeg ac, fel y dengys y cysegriad i Feuno Sant, roedd yn gysylltiedig ag eglwys fawr Clynnog. Roedd Trellech yn malu yn Llannor, a oedd hefyd yn rhan o rwydwaith Clynnog. Roedd dwy fferm yn dwyn yr enw Pentre-llech 1km i’r de-orllewin o’r eglwys yn Edern, ac mae’n debyg bod enwau’r ffermydd hyn yn dynodi lleoliad y drefgordd.

The village of Tudweiliog sits on a small hill surrounded by low lying pasture land on the North coast of Llŷn. It lies on the B4417 between Edern and Llangwnnadl. It is situated near the river Amlwch about 1Km from the coast and beach at Porth Towyn.

St. Cwyfan’s church must always have been the focus of this community. In 1564 John ap Gruffydd ap David ap Madog of Madryn received a grant in Tudweiliog, held in fee farm from John Wyn ap Hugh of Bodfel, of land formerly part of Bardsey’s holdings. The names of the components are interesting: a tenement called Hengwrt (the old court) or, alternatively Y Cae Mawr, comprising Dryll Cerrig Llwydion (the grey-stones patch); y Hirdir Mawr (the Long ploughland); Erw’r Eglwys (Church acre); Llain yr Abbad (the Abbot’s Quillet); y Talarau Hiron (the Long Headlands) and Llain dan y cae mawr (the quillet below the big field). The names refer to open-field ploughlands; to the church; an abbot, a possible reference to a former clas community and an unidentified ‘Old Court’. St. Cwyfan’s, Tudweiliog, was entirely rebuilt in 1849 by the architect George Gilbert Scott.

The medieval township of Hirdref occupied the landscape to the north-west of Tudweiliog and is now represented by four farms with related names, either side of the Aberdaron road. The farms are Hirdre Fawr, Hirdre Ganol, Hirdre Uchaf and Hirdre Isaf. The recurrence of dispersed farms with similar and related names are a feature of the post-medieval landscape and are indicative of the later consolidation of former individual tenant holdings within townships or hamlets. Hirdref was a township in the Middle Ages. Its tenants held under tir cyfrif tenure, a demesne or estate tenure with the specific function of working the lord’s land in that township or providing some particular service in the context of the operation of the royal maerdref, in this case, the maerdref of Nefyn. In 1352 Hirdref had ceased to pay its dues and its mill was in decay. Depopulation during the Black Death was the most likely cause. The township was subsequently let out at fee-farm. In 1350, just before a new tax assessment was to be made, Goronwy ap Llywelyn Du took the lease, at £4.

The two medieval townships of Nyffryn and Cerrig Cefni were accounted for together and lie to the south-east of Hirdref and to the north-east of Brynodol. There were four components to these two townships. There are two gwelyau, the gwely Rhingylledd and the gwely Mab Riodle, both within Nyffryn. Both were under tir gwelyog bond tenure although the designation Rhingylledd would normally suggest that one of the major commotal officers, the Rhingyll had tenure there. The second of the two gwelyau had been granted a fee farm lease on the gwely and was in the hand of Sir Thomas Brerely in the 1350s. The third part of Nyffryn comprised around 30 acres of land which was granted, exceptionally freely, by Llywelyn ap Grufydd, before the conquest, with the only obligation attached to that land being that the tenants should go to the Prince’s war at the Prince’s own cost. The fourth part of these two townships lies in Cerrig Cefni, which comprises one gwely of bond land called the gwely Ieuan ap Philip Foel. Again, this portion was in the hand of Sir Thomas Brerely, in 1352.

In 1538 Robert ap Gruffydd held Nyffryn and Cerrig Cefni. In that same year he transferred Cefn Leisiog, a parcel of those two townships, to John ap Gruffydd David. In 1571 Thomas Madryn of Madryn, who held the property, leased Nyffryn to Meredudd ap Thomas ap Robert. In 1576 tenements in Cerrig Cefni were leased by Hugh ap Gruffydd ap John of Brynodol. And so Nyffryn and Cerrigcefni, the former bond townships of the Welsh Prince and the English Crown were granted, leased and released in the process of compiling extensive estates.
Trellech and Edern are both ecclesiastical townships of very different nature and character. Trellech is described as ‘in the tenure of St. Beuno’. That is to say, it was once a clas community and, clearly by the Beuno dedication, affiliated to the great church of Clynnog. Trellech milled at Llannor, which was also part of the Clynnog network. There were two farms with the name Pentre-llech, 1km. south-west of the church at Edern and these farm names probably identify the location of the township.

 


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